The Dow Jones gained 291.23 points (2.59%) to 11,523.01. The S & P 500 is 33.90 points (2.93%) to 1192.57. The Nasdaq Composite rose 85.83 points (3.52%) to 2527.34.

This data is likely to vary even slightly.

The UMP will propose at its convention, which opens Tuesday, the opening of branch agreements in areas where the 35-hour "lasting problems arise," said Tuesday the Minister for Ecology Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet on LCI. "Our position, which will be presented tonight is to give the possibility to open branch agreements. There are branches in which lasting 35 hours pose problems despite the flexibility that we have done," said Ms Kosciusko-Morizet.

Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet did not specify which areas were specifically concerned, however, saying that all branches should be able to open negotiations."But there are areas where it is more complicated than others, where the division of labor is much less homogeneous than in others," she said.

In an interview published Tuesday in La Voix du Nord, the Secretary General of the UMP Jean-Francois Cope said that "the crisis, the output of 35h is inevitable, since it secures the purchasing power" .

The Nasdaq Composite fell 15.38 points his side of (0.59%) to 2572.61

These data are likely to vary even slightly.

The French do they work less than others? No, clearly meets the company Regus, a provider of workspaces. She has just completed a survey of 12,000 companies, working in some sixty countries. And she said, 56% of French people spend more than 9 am at work, against 48% for the average of other nations. In comparison, 46% of the British and Americans work more than 9 hours, 32% of 47% Chinese or Japanese. Germans (59%), Indians (55%) and Brazilians (60%) are in turn more likely to work as hard.In France, the overuse of long-term work could have a negative impact on both health assets and productivity as a whole in that overworked employees are at risk of becoming dissatisfied and suffer a real imbalance between the private and professional sphere "commented Frédéric Bleuse, CEO of Regus France.

And internationally, are teleworkers (broadly those with no fixed office) that are most likely to spend 11 hours a day at work. Not under 14% do so, against 6% for office workers fixed. They are also more likely to take work home at night to finish it. Indeed, 59% of teleworkers work at home win more than three times a week, as against 26% for office workers fixed.

In a "difficult situation", France has retained last year's fourth largest exporter behind the United States, Britain and Russia, reads the report to Parliament on the exports of arms of France in 2010.

The main customers of France were Saudi Arabia, Brazil, India and Malaysia.

In the preamble to the report, the defense minister, Gérard Longuet, welcomed a "success" of France in a crisis.

He sees an encouragement "not to relax our efforts and to continue our work for our exports to strengthen the industrial and technological base defense of our country and preserve the 165,000 jobs that the industry has."

Over the period 2006-2010, the Middle East is the top destination for exports with 27%, followed closely by Latin America 25%, thanks to contracts with Brazil.

Asia represents 18% of the market, and expected success with India could advance this figure in years to come.Finally the percentage of world market share in Europe is 17%.

The contract for the sale of two ships Projection and Command (BPC) Mistral class in Russia for an estimated $ 1.2 billion was signed in June, and is not accounted for in 2010 .

The two helicopter carriers are built by the French shipyard DCNS, contractor on the contract, and STX, in collaboration with OSK.

DCNS, a public company, is controlled to 25% by the defense electronics group Thales.The Korean group STX, owner of the shipyards of Saint-Nazaire, is also involved in the construction of the Mistral.

As for the ongoing negotiations with several countries including Brazil and the United Arab Emirates to sell for the first time outside the Rafale combat aircraft from Dassault Aviation, they have not yet been completed.

Over the decade 2001-2010, the United States, Britain, Russia, France and Israel have shared 90% of the arms market.

Cigarette packs will cost on average 30 cents more starting Monday in France, a 6% increase sought by the government should have little effect on consumption, but that will bring 600 million euros a year in State to Safely smokers will find it in a package less than 5.70 euros in their tobacconist. For the first time, the Marlboro (the best-selling package with nearly 25% market share) will pass the bar 6 euros to 6.20 euros.The government has allowed manufacturers to revise their prices, anticipating an increase in minimums of perception which must be passed by Parliament in the law on financing of Social Security.

This increase was announced by Prime Minister Francois Fillon, in late August, when presenting the plan anti-government deficit. It should bring 90 million euros this year and 600 million in a full year.

Taxes are 80% of the price of a pack of cigarettes. Most (over 10 billion euros in 2010) goes into the coffers of the social security system. Fillon also announced a further increase of 6% in 2012, without specifying the date. This is the third consecutive year that the cigarettes in the fall recorded such an increase (30 cents per pack), well above inflation.However, sales have never declined so far in the same proportions.

54.8 billion cigarettes sold in 2010

Thus, it has sold 54.79 billion cigarettes in 2010 against 54.98 in 2009, a mere drop of 0.3%. At the same time, the amount of rolling tobacco rose from 7257 to 7598 tonnes (+4.7%). In total, sales of tobacco (including cigars) increased by 0.14% by volume, according to figures from the observatory of drugs (OFDT). Again this year, cigarette sales in late July had declined by only 0.6% in volume compared to 2010.

Value, because of previous price increases, the market is increasing by about 5%. Growth shared by the state (almost 13 billion euros in 2010, including 2.5 under the VAT), tobacconists (8.2%) and manufacturers and distributors (11.8%). The anti-smoking groups believe that any increase less than 10% has no effect on consumption.The Office of Tobacco Prevention (OFT) ironically on Monday up seeing an "application" of the state "to the tobacco industry for agreeing to increase by more than 100 million profit."

Tobacconists and manufacturers recall their part that a sharp increase has an effect on sales in tobacco shops, without lowering consumption, since it encourages smokers to buy abroad or from resellers on the sly. A study of Customs estimates that 20% of cigarettes smoked in France are not purchased in the network of tobacconists, but fraud (5%) or legally (15%) in the neighboring European countries (Belgium and Spain) where the package is sell up to 30% cheaper.

These purchases, which exploded after the sharp increases in tobacco prices in 2003/2004, affecting particularly border trade, result in financial compensation from the state to tobacconists.A parliamentary report issued in early October to the Minister of Budget, recommends "a convergence of prices of tobacco in France and in neighboring states," but also "to reflect on the taxation of rolling tobacco" for "contrecarrrer the substitution effect for each increase in the price of cigarettes. "

The Dow Jones gained 1.44% or 153.41 points at 10,808.71 points. The Standard & Poor's 500 benchmark fund managers, was awarded 24.72 points or 2.25% at 1123.95 points. The Nasdaq composite has been 2.95% or 68.99 points to 2404.82 points.

The U.S. stock market at large had lost 18% over the last four months, affected by poor economic growth around the world and concerns about the deficit countries in the euro area.

The magnitude of these losses out of the woods investors on the lookout for buying opportunities.In particular, they set their sights on tech stocks and banking.

"We buy a few shares. We stick to companies with strong balance sheets, or with a global presence in emerging markets, certainly not in the financial services area," said Kim Forrest, an analyst at Fort Pitt Capital Group in Pittsburgh.

Some other investors, however, favored the bank. The index of the financial sector, down nearly 30% since the market peak reached on April 29, ended up 4.1%.

The remarks of the President of the Federal Reserve were also able to help cheer the fellows.The Fed, Ben Bernanke said, is ready to take further steps to support economy "almost staggering," clearly referring to the will of the central bank to intervene further to ensure that the U.S. fall into recession.

In terms of values, Apple, including the presentation of the new iPhone has disappointed, ended down by 0.56% to 372.50 dollars. The value has sharply reduced its losses late in the session along with the market went back.

Bank of America, in session after reaching its lowest level since March 2009, ended with a gain of 4.15% to 5.76 dollars.

Citigroup rebounded by 5.5% and Morgan Stanley from 12.3% to 14.01 dollars.The value is down 48.5% this year.

Sears Holdings soared 11.7% to 63.94 dollars.

About 12.9 billion shares changed hands on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq and the Amex, more than 60% more than the usual daily average since the beginning of the year.

The toxic loans are loans that have a hand-indexed floating rate indices extremely volatile, likely to cause a spike in interest rates. Some loans are indexed to such an exchange rate of foreign currencies. According to their variations, interest may pounce. Release cites the case of municipalities that have seen interest rates rise to 10 or 15% this summer because of rising Swiss franc, their credits are indexed to such currency. However, some loans are still running until 2025 or 2030.The low cost of borrowing in the early years convinced the financial services community, who thought to save money without receiving the opacity and complexity of products.

Read about: Local authorities caught up toxic loans

5500 communities and institutions concerned

Liberation published on Wednesday a confidential document from the bank Dexia Credit Local (DCL), which amounts to 5500 the number of local authorities and public institutions which have made French toxic loans between 1995 and 2009. In total, the bank would have distributed 25 billion euros for these clients.Or "as estimated by the bank, the additional cost of these loans was estimated at 3.9 billion euros at the end of 2009," wrote Liberation, "which means that communities should pay a penalty of this order" .

Libération.fr provides a map of France infected bodies, municipalities, regions, departments all political stripes combined. Antibes, for example, has borrowed 60 million euros. It must repay 21 million extra. In Rouen, the risky loans represent 53% of the debt, for a total of 162 million euros.The city has already been provisioned 500,000 euros in 2009 and 1 million in 2010 to cope with soaring interest rates of its loans.

Read about: Local authorities still mired in the toxic loans

The HLM also contaminated

As local authorities, social landlords have contracted toxic financial products before the outbreak of the banking crisis. Exposure to risk financial products could reach 50% for a dozen of them.

Read about: What you should know about the crisis of public housing

The toxic loans account for 8% of the debt of public housing

Dexia in its sights

In a report published in 2009, the Court of Auditors has confirmed the responsibility of banks, which provide "information over-optimistic or even wrong, to borrowers, guaranteeing them virtually no risk."Among them, the Dexia Group, the first local lender. In 2008 and 2009, its share in domestic credit has also plunged by 40, then 20%. Are also singled out the savings banks, Credit Agricole and Societe Generale. But the Court of Auditors also accused local authorities, who have adopted "a speculative approach" by borrowing structured.

Read about: Credits toxic local irrational, greedy banks

A double threat to taxpayers

Adding salt may be administered for. Exponential to pay the interest, communities can cut back on investment and substantially increase local taxes."The rise of the Swiss franc is a college at least for the Seine-Saint-Denis", says the chairman of the General Council of Seine-Saint-Denis, Claude Bartolone, in Libération.

Read about: The tricks of the departments to make ends meet

"The financial department is dramatic"

Legal action

From 2009, Saint-Etienne was the first city to announce its intention to assign the Deutsche Bank before the Tribunal de Grande Instance in Paris to set aside 20 million euros of toxic loans. In February, Claude Bartolone has also filed a complaint against the bank Depfa, Dexia and Caylon, hoping to overturn the 63 risky loans taken out between 1997 and 2008. He had already assigned Natixis in 2009.Other procedures, initiated by municipalities, are under way.

Read about: Borrowing toxic Seine-Saint-Denis attack three banks

Toxic loans: the politicians do block against banks

Claude Bartolone accuses Dexia "scam"

Some changes since 2008

In the months that followed the discovery of toxic loans in 2008, the government initially tried to minimize. The charter of good conduct promised at the time of the crisis has emerged in January 2010: it forbids banks to offer loans to local governments whose interest rate changes based on indices high risk. In practice, this rules out any link with commodity prices and equity markets.For their part, communities agree to more transparency on their debts and loans.

Tuesday, communities have come to begin the process that should lead to a funding agency dedicated to local investment, without automatic recourse to the banks. It could be operational in 2012 and would cover, in ten years, a quarter of loans to local market, which totals 20 billion euros. A bill will be tabled in Parliament with a view to its adoption before the end of the year.

Fears about the banking stocks have been very heavy on Monday on all European markets. In Paris, Societe Generale tumbled 8.64% to 20.25 euros, signing the largest decrease in the CAC 40. BNP Paribas lost 6.34% to 31.30 euros, Crédit Agricole (-5.51% to 5.84 euros) and Natixis (-5.68% to 2.55 euros). In the background, the difficulties of Greece, the threat of a lawsuit in the United States against 16 banks – including Societe Generale – for their responsibility in the subprime crisis, and the desire to recapitalize European banks by the IMF .Dominique Dequidt but remains optimistic.

What are the fears about banks today?

First, the gradual disappearance of the sovereign rating in Greece opened the door to further degradation, Ireland and Portugal in the lead. This is one of the great fears in the market today. Investors fear losses that may result in banking stocks that are exposed. Indeed some of the U.S. money market funds that had liquidity of investments in Europe have rather taken off the market last week. The second point is the deterioration of the American note in the summer. She amplified these fears and stoked fears of slowing global growth.

These fears are justified?

It is not really justified, at least in the short term. It is mainly a crisis of confidence that undermines the market.But look closer, banks are healthy. When we look at the credits granted by banking institutions in Europe, there is no need to panic. They rose 3% in the first quarter and 4% in the second. And despite a rather European growth at half the second quarter.

Banks are robust enough to withstand the risk of European sovereign debt and the threat of global recession?

Yes, in the event that we are not witnessing a collapse of the banking system. But there is no need to be as alarmist as the IMF on the recapitalization of banks. They have made big profits in the first half. BNP Paribas, despite its 450 million refinancing of provisions in the Greek debt, posted a profit of more than 2 billion euros in the first quarter.

But banks are very fearful to lend to each other.The level of cash placed with the European Central Bank has reached 151 billion euros Friday …

We are in a tense situation since the beginning of August the fears are heavy on the strength of some banks. Hence the difficulty they face to lend to each other. This level is certainly high compared to six months ago. But we are still far from the amounts of their outstanding 2008 in which the ECB had reached astronomical levels.

The trial of the U.S. federal government against 16 global banks – including the general society – he may weigh on an already difficult climate?

I do not think, at least for France and Europe. They are not involved in the trial. And regarding the risks of fines, it is called, in the extreme case, a sentence that would amount to hundreds of millions of euros.This is a difficult but there is no major concern to have.

To what extent can we expect an impact on the real economy if the situation worsens?

Banks have made a big effort on their balance sheets, it is not in the same situation of overheating than during the crisis. They are now well prepared for the state of distrust of the markets. But the phenomenon of double-dip recession may occur. 3 months ago investors imagined a soft landing in growth after the good figures of 2010. Today expectations are more cautious, and go up to imagine a recession in 2012.

In the previous survey in April, the business leaders the industry planned to increase investment by 15% in 2011.

Last year, these investments have increased by 1%, says the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, while the April survey estimated the stable.

For 2011, the downward revision of forecasts from one quarter to the other "is attributable to the sector" other industries "(-3 points), especially metal or wood working, and the sector electrical, electronic, computer and machinery (-2 points), "INSEE said.

"For the first half of 2011, entrepreneurs in the manufacturing sector confirm the progress of their investments over the second half of 2010, early in January. For the second half of 2011, they plan to increase their investments over the first. "

Investment in the industry represents about one quarter of productive investment in France.